Clojure
Modern Lisp for JVM with emphasis on immutable data
Web Backend
Server-side development and APIs
Pros and Cons
Ventajas
- + Full control over logic
- + Multiple languages available
- + Configurable scalability
Desventajas
- - Higher architectural complexity
- - Requires security knowledge
- - More complex debugging
Recommended Languages
22 popular languages in Web Backend
C#
Microsoft's language for .NET and games with Unity
Elixir
Functional language on Erlang VM for concurrent systems
Erlang
Functional language for highly available distributed systems
F#
Microsoft's functional-first language for .NET
Gleam
Typed functional language for Erlang VM with friendly syntax
Go
Google's language for systems and cloud
Groovy
Dynamic JVM language, popular in Jenkins pipelines
Haskell
Pure functional language with advanced type system
Java
Robust and enterprise language with 'write once, run anywhere'
JavaScript
Interpreted programming language, versatile and ubiquitous on the web
Kotlin
Modern language for JVM, preferred for Android
Nim
Efficient compiled language with Python-like syntax
OCaml
Functional language with advanced type system
Perl
Classic language for text processing and scripting
PHP
Language for server-side web development
Python
Versatile language for web, data and AI with clear syntax
Ruby
Elegant and productive language, famous for Rails
Rust
Safe systems language without garbage collector
Scala
Functional and OO language for JVM
SQL
Standard language for relational databases
TypeScript
Superset of JavaScript with static typing
Frameworks and Tools
49 popular frameworks
Actix Web
Extremely fast Rust web framework
ASP.NET
Microsoft web framework for .NET
ASP.NET Core
Modern web framework from Microsoft for .NET
Axum
Ergonomic web framework for Rust
Boost
Collection of high-quality peer-reviewed C++ libraries
Deno
Modern JavaScript/TypeScript runtime by Node.js creator
Django
Python 'batteries included' web framework
Drupal
Enterprise open-source CMS in PHP
Express.js
Minimalist framework for Node.js
FastAPI
Modern, fast Python framework with types
Fastify
High-performance Node.js framework
Flask
Simple and extensible Python microframework
Gin
High-performance Go web framework
GraphQL
Query language for APIs
gRPC C++
High-performance RPC framework from Google for C++
Helidon
Oracle framework for cloud-native microservices in Java
HTMX
HTML with superpowers - AJAX without writing JavaScript
Jakarta EE
Enterprise standard platform, successor to Java EE
Jest
JavaScript testing framework with zero-config
Kotlin Multiplatform
JetBrains technology for sharing code across platforms
Laravel
Elegant and expressive PHP framework
Litestar
Modern high-performance ASGI framework (formerly Starlite)
Medusa
Open source headless e-commerce platform
Micronaut
Lightweight framework with compile-time dependency injection
MongoDB
Leading document database for modern applications
NestJS
Enterprise Node.js framework with TypeScript
Next.js
React framework for production with SSR/SSG
Next.js
React framework for production with SSR and SSG
Nuxt.js
Vue framework for production with SSR/SSG
Orleans
Virtual actor framework for distributed systems from Microsoft
Phoenix
Elixir web framework for real-time applications
Play Framework
Reactive web framework for high-performance real-time applications
POCO C++ Libraries
C++ libraries for network applications and servers
PostgreSQL
Advanced open source relational database with SQL support and extensibility
Prisma
Next-generation ORM for Node.js
Quarkus
Ultralight Java framework optimized for GraalVM and Kubernetes
Quart
Async framework compatible with Flask API
Ruby on Rails
Ruby framework that popularized web MVC
Redis
In-memory data store for cache, sessions, and real-time applications
Remix
React framework focused on web standards
Sanic
Ultra-fast async web framework for Python
Spring Boot
Most popular Java enterprise framework
Spring MVC
Spring's MVC web framework for Java
Spring Framework
Enterprise framework for Java
SvelteKit
Full-stack framework for Svelte
Symfony
Professional PHP framework for web applications
Vaadin
Framework for building modern web UIs using only Java
Vert.x
Reactive and event-driven toolkit for high-performance applications
WordPress
The world's most popular CMS